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Home Equity Loan: How It Works

A lump sum with a fixed rate and fixed monthly payments, secured by your home.

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Photo by Ярослав Алексеенко on Unsplash
How you get paid
One lump sum at closing
Rate
Typically fixed
Payments
Fixed monthly payments of principal and interest
Secured by
Your home, as a second mortgage
Best for
A known, one-time expense

A home equity loan gives you a single lump sum of cash, which you repay in fixed monthly payments over a set term. The loan is secured by your home, and it’s separate from your existing mortgage.

How it works

You borrow against the equity you’ve built, meaning your home’s value minus what you owe. The lender looks at your home’s value, your current mortgage balance, your credit and your income to decide how much you can borrow. You receive the full amount at closing and start repaying right away.

Because the rate is typically fixed, your payment stays the same for the life of the loan, which makes budgeting simple.

A worked example

This uses a made-up rate, not a current offer. Say you borrow $40,000 over 10 years at an example fixed rate of 8.5%.

  • The payment is about $496 a month for all 120 months.
  • You repay about $59,500 in total.
  • That means about $19,500 of it is interest.

If you had needed only $30,000, borrowing $40,000 anyway would have added interest on the extra $10,000 for the whole 10 years. That’s why it helps to borrow only what you need.

Who it tends to suit

  • Homeowners with a specific, known cost, such as a major repair or paying off higher-interest debt.
  • People who want predictable payments.
  • Borrowers who like their current mortgage rate and want to leave it alone.

Things to weigh

  • Your home is the collateral. Missing payments could put your home at risk.
  • You pay interest on the whole amount from day one, even if you don’t spend it all.
  • You’ll have two payments each month: your mortgage and the new loan.
  • Closing costs and fees can add up.

Compare before you choose

Providers differ on minimum amounts, credit requirements and terms. Browse our comparison directory and filter by how much you want to borrow, or take the quiz to see options that fit your answers. If your costs come in stages, a line of credit may fit better. See HELOC vs. home equity loan.

This article is for general information and isn’t financial, tax or legal advice. Example rates and payments are illustrations, not offers.

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Frequently asked questions

Is a home equity loan the same as a second mortgage?

Yes. It's a loan secured by your home that sits alongside your existing mortgage, so you'd have two monthly payments.

Do I keep my current mortgage?

Yes. A home equity loan doesn't replace your first mortgage. A cash-out refinance does.

Are there closing costs?

Often, yes. Costs vary by lender and can include appraisal and origination fees. Ask for them in writing before you commit.

Is the interest tax deductible?

In the U.S., interest on a home equity loan is generally deductible only when the money is used to buy, build or substantially improve the home that secures it, and only if you itemize. Interest on money used for other things, like paying off cards, generally isn't deductible. Tax rules change, so check with a tax professional.

Can I cancel after I sign?

For a loan secured by your primary home, federal law generally gives you three business days after signing to cancel without penalty. It doesn't apply in every situation, so ask your lender how it works for yours.

Published November 9, 2026. This article is for general information and isn't financial, legal or tax advice. Terms vary by lender and state. We may be compensated by companies featured on this site. See our advertiser disclosure.